JSSD5th2019 - 利用者の投稿記録 [ja]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-15T21:53:10Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed:

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and re-framing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1.jpg|サムネイル]]
[[ファイル:Case Study 2.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others or they are one time solutions not sustainable ones, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders. Another point that needs to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is derived from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and startups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understand how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria. In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website References'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-14T22:11:23Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1.jpg|サムネイル]]
[[ファイル:Case Study 2.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others or they are one time solutions not sustainable ones, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders. Another point that needs to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is derived from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and startups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understand how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria. In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

ファイル:Case Study 1.jpg

2019-11-14T22:10:59Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed:

Case Study 1

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-14T21:50:01Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed.jpg|サムネイル]]
[[ファイル:Case Study 2.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others or they are one time solutions not sustainable ones, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders. Another point that needs to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is derived from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and startups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understand how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria. In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-14T21:49:22Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 2.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others or they are one time solutions not sustainable ones, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders. Another point that needs to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is derived from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and startups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understand how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria. In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

ファイル:Case Study 2.jpg

2019-11-14T21:48:20Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed:

Case Study 2

ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed.jpg

2019-11-14T21:35:49Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed がファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed.jpg の新しいバージョンをアップロードしました

Case Study 1_Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T12:15:21Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed.jpg|サムネイル]]
[[ファイル:Case Study 2 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others or they are one time solutions not sustainable ones, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders. Another point that needs to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is derived from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and startups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understand how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria. In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

ファイル:Case Study 2 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed.jpg

2019-11-07T12:15:17Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed:

Case Study 2_Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed

ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed.jpg

2019-11-07T12:14:25Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed:

Case Study 1_Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T12:12:21Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others or they are one time solutions not sustainable ones, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders. Another point that needs to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is derived from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and startups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understand how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria. In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:50:21Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* まとめ Conclusion */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others or they are one time solutions not sustainable ones, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders. Another point that needs to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is derived from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and startups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understand how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria. In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:49:59Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* まとめ Conclusion */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others or they are one time solutions not sustainable ones, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders. Another point that needs to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is derived from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and startups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understand how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria.In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:49:36Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* まとめ Conclusion */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others or they are one time solutions not sustainable ones, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders. Another point that needs to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is derived from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and startups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria.In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:48:56Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 考察 Discussion */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others or they are one time solutions not sustainable ones, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders. Another point that needs to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is derived from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria.In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:47:45Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 考察 Discussion */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others or they are one time solutions not sustainable ones, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders. Another point that needs to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is different from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria.In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:47:18Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 考察 Discussion */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others or they are one time solutions not sustainable ones, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is different from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria.In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:46:57Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 考察 Discussion */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others or they are one time solutions not a sustainable ones, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is different from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria.In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:44:51Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is different from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria.In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:44:03Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as designers need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref>
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is different from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria.In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:43:05Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.This analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works.The proposed structure starts from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> Then the research proposes a visualized structure for Dorst's framework and tries to see the credibility of this structure in other design organizations' work.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is different from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria.In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:37:20Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 目的と背景 Research Goal and Background */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allows for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.The analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> Then the research proposes a visualized structure for Dorst's framework and tries to see the credibility of this structure in other design organizations' work.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is different from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria.In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:34:43Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed:

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on Kees Dorst framework of "Frame Innovation". By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.The analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> Then the research proposes a visualized structure for Dorst's framework and tries to see the credibility of this structure in other design organizations' work.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is different from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria.In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:29:38Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* まとめ Conclusion */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works. By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.The analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> Then the research proposes a visualized structure for Dorst's framework and tries to see the credibility of this structure in other design organizations' work.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is different from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but this research tries to visualize a structure to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be structured with objective criteria.In future research this proposed structure needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:27:32Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 考察 Discussion */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works. By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.The analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> Then the research proposes a visualized structure for Dorst's framework and tries to see the credibility of this structure in other design organizations' work.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
If we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost and sustainability as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that.These needs and desires need to be realized in many levels as what users desire is different from what they say, do, act or feel.In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:23:05Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 結果 Results */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works. By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.The analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> Then the research proposes a visualized structure for Dorst's framework and tries to see the credibility of this structure in other design organizations' work.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works.The proposed structure is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T11:21:42Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works. By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution.The analysis is based on Dorst "Frame Innovation" framework that he proposed in his works as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> Then the research proposes a visualized structure for Dorst's framework and tries to see the credibility of this structure in other design organizations' work.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T02:47:41Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works. By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios.Case studies were selected based on their fields to ensure variety of the final solutions to see how the relationship between problem framing and solutions work in different design fields. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with "Problem Layers" to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to check the "Problem Context" to identify stakeholders and their behavior which influences the next step which is creating "Themes" . Then themes are interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T00:17:02Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 目的と背景 Research Goal and Background */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works. By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria creates benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with "Problem Layers" to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to check the "Problem Context" to identify stakeholders and their behavior which influences the next step which is creating "Themes" . Then themes are interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T00:16:09Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 目的と背景 Research Goal and Background */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works. By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to find criteria that structures the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to develop criteria for complex problems ,but also to make sure that this criteria create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with "Problem Layers" to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to check the "Problem Context" to identify stakeholders and their behavior which influences the next step which is creating "Themes" . Then themes are interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-07T00:13:43Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed:

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a criteria that structures how the relationship between problem framing and solutions works. By understanding this relationship, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.This research also pointed out main five points that draws this relationship which are "Problem Layers", "Problem Context", "Themes", "Solution Concept" and "Values".

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with "Problem Layers" to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to check the "Problem Context" to identify stakeholders and their behavior which influences the next step which is creating "Themes" . Then themes are interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-06T23:55:34Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed:

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed MOHAMMED, Yasuyuki HIRAI/ 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with "Problem Layers" to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to check the "Problem Context" to identify stakeholders and their behavior which influences the next step which is creating "Themes" . Then themes are interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-05T23:58:45Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 結果 Results */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with "Problem Layers" to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to check the "Problem Context" to identify stakeholders and their behavior which influences the next step which is creating "Themes" . Then themes are interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-05T23:58:32Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 考察 Discussion */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with "Problem Layers" to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to check the "Problem Context" to identify stakeholders and their behavior which influences the next step which is creating "Themes" . Then themes are interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,Main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it, which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-05T23:54:29Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 結果 Results */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with "Problem Layers" to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to check the "Problem Context" to identify stakeholders and their behavior which influences the next step which is creating "Themes" . Then themes are interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,Main stakeholders are identified and their desires and behavior are realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-05T23:53:10Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with "Problem Layers" to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to check the "Problem Context" to identify stakeholders and their behavior which influences the next step which is creating "Themes" . Then themes are interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,Main stakeholders are identified and their desire and behavior is realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-05T23:44:40Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 目的と背景 Research Goal and Background */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this relationship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with "Problem Layers" to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's values and hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to check the "Problem Context" to identify stakeholders and their behavior which influences the next step which is creating "Themes" . Then themes are interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,Main stakeholders are identified and their desire and behavior is realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-05T23:43:22Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 結果 Results */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this realtionship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with "Problem Layers" to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's values and hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to check the "Problem Context" to identify stakeholders and their behavior which influences the next step which is creating "Themes" . Then themes are interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Problem Layers''':Through problem layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. problem layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Problem Context''':In the problem context step,Main stakeholders are identified and their desire and behavior is realized.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Achieved Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-05T23:36:43Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this realtionship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with "Problem Layers" to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's values and hidden needs and desires (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to check the "Problem Context" to identify stakeholders and their behavior which influences the next step which is creating "Themes" . Then themes are interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Issue Layers''':Through Issue Layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. Issue layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Governing Rules''':Governing rules helps to identify needs and desires according to law, general ethics, culture and religion. It is a filtering process before creating themes.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-04T13:31:49Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this realtionship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg|サムネイル]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with issue layers to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's values and hidden needs (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to revise the governing rules in way to filter user's desires and needs. Then it shows how different themes are created and how could these themes be interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Issue Layers''':Through Issue Layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. Issue layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Governing Rules''':Governing rules helps to identify needs and desires according to law, general ethics, culture and religion. It is a filtering process before creating themes.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

ファイル:Case Study 1 Ahmed Mohammed Sayed.jpg

2019-11-04T13:31:41Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed:

Case Study 1

ファイル:HanakoKyusanFig01.jpg

2019-11-04T13:29:28Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed がファイル:HanakoKyusanFig01.jpg の新しいバージョンをアップロードしました

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-04T13:28:27Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this realtionship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[File:HanakoKyusanFig01.jpg|thumb|right|200px|図1.◯◯◯◯]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with issue layers to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's values and hidden needs (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to revise the governing rules in way to filter user's desires and needs. Then it shows how different themes are created and how could these themes be interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Issue Layers''':Through Issue Layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. Issue layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Governing Rules''':Governing rules helps to identify needs and desires according to law, general ethics, culture and religion. It is a filtering process before creating themes.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-04T13:25:07Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 研究の方法 Research Method */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this realtionship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with issue layers to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's values and hidden needs (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to revise the governing rules in way to filter user's desires and needs. Then it shows how different themes are created and how could these themes be interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Issue Layers''':Through Issue Layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. Issue layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Governing Rules''':Governing rules helps to identify needs and desires according to law, general ethics, culture and religion. It is a filtering process before creating themes.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

ファイル:HanakoKyusanFig01.jpg

2019-11-04T12:42:35Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed がファイル:HanakoKyusanFig01.jpg の新しいバージョンをアップロードしました

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-03T13:32:18Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* まとめ Conculusion */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this realtionship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[File:HanakoKyusanFig01.jpg|thumb|right|200px|図1.◯◯◯◯]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with issue layers to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's values and hidden needs (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to revise the governing rules in way to filter user's desires and needs. Then it shows how different themes are created and how could these themes be interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Issue Layers''':Through Issue Layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. Issue layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Governing Rules''':Governing rules helps to identify needs and desires according to law, general ethics, culture and religion. It is a filtering process before creating themes.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conclusion'''==
Recently design thinking became more popular between many organizations and start ups because of its ability to solve problems in more creative ways. Recent researches focus on the advantages of design thinking and its ability to tackle more complicated problems,but few of them try to explain the philosophy behind it. This research tries to propose a holistic map to help designers and researchers understands how design thinking works and how the relationship between problem framing and solutions could be visualized.In future research this holistic map needs to be tested with some real life problems to see the credibility of it. 　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-03T13:18:34Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* まとめ Conculusion */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this realtionship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[File:HanakoKyusanFig01.jpg|thumb|right|200px|図1.◯◯◯◯]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with issue layers to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's values and hidden needs (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to revise the governing rules in way to filter user's desires and needs. Then it shows how different themes are created and how could these themes be interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Issue Layers''':Through Issue Layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. Issue layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Governing Rules''':Governing rules helps to identify needs and desires according to law, general ethics, culture and religion. It is a filtering process before creating themes.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conculusion'''==
　

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-03T13:17:16Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 考察 Discussion */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this realtionship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[File:HanakoKyusanFig01.jpg|thumb|right|200px|図1.◯◯◯◯]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with issue layers to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's values and hidden needs (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to revise the governing rules in way to filter user's desires and needs. Then it shows how different themes are created and how could these themes be interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Issue Layers''':Through Issue Layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. Issue layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Governing Rules''':Governing rules helps to identify needs and desires according to law, general ethics, culture and religion. It is a filtering process before creating themes.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but users also need to be included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design fields, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need rather than looking for it which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conculusion'''==
　何はおねがいをぶっつかって、するとロマチックシューマンに過ぎてひまをなるとこれかをとりてしまいとすましませた。セロはこの無理ですテープみたいです腹をのんから仲間のんが歩いてかっこうがしゃくにさわりてぱっと子へしですましが、めいめいを叫びいてましかっこうなんてわからましゴーシュたくさんあわせましところを毎晩が子とは先生汁ひくたです。

　その先生恐いわくは何かセロたらべ広くんがなっ猫人をつけるといたた。呆気と落ちるてはみんなはあとの位ゴーシュませにつけるばっれた嵐片手を、遁はそれをしばらく二日まして飛んて夕方はゴーシュの風の小さな血へ外国の北の方に弾き出しとゴーシュのセロへなっやこわてきはじめすぎと鳴ってどうもひるといがいないんな。晩をなかが叫んてたまえでふんて一生けん命のまるく頭が熟しますない。なんも何までた。

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-03T13:15:25Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* 考察 Discussion */

- サブタイトルがある場合はここに記載 -


'''注）'''
*この雛形は、研究発表（口頭・ポスター）に適用されます。
*英文概要は、80ワード程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*本文部分は、2,000文字程度を目安にご執筆下さい。
*見出しの語句は参考例です。
*「あなた」が編集を行うとページの履歴に利用者名が残ります。

; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this realtionship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[File:HanakoKyusanFig01.jpg|thumb|right|200px|図1.◯◯◯◯]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with issue layers to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's values and hidden needs (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to revise the governing rules in way to filter user's desires and needs. Then it shows how different themes are created and how could these themes be interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Issue Layers''':Through Issue Layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. Issue layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Governing Rules''':Governing rules helps to identify needs and desires according to law, general ethics, culture and religion. It is a filtering process before creating themes.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
From the previous results many points need to be discussed. As if we have a look at the resulted solutions in each of the previous examples, we will find out that these solutions need to be criticized regarding their cost as many of these solutions could be creative, but they cost more than others, so a parameter needs to be created to measure the credibility of each of these solutions compared to the achieved value and the resulted benefit on user's and stakeholders.Another point that need to be discussed is that this holistic map focuses at the beginning on understanding user's need and desires and how they act like that, but they also need to included after coming up with final solutions to test them and get feedback from them to make sure that these solutions are human centered. In some recent design field, we can notice that designers start designing based on their own aspiration.In that case designers create the need which is another level of design, but this point is out of the scope of this research as this research focuses more on human centered design.

==まとめ '''Conculusion'''==
　何はおねがいをぶっつかって、するとロマチックシューマンに過ぎてひまをなるとこれかをとりてしまいとすましませた。セロはこの無理ですテープみたいです腹をのんから仲間のんが歩いてかっこうがしゃくにさわりてぱっと子へしですましが、めいめいを叫びいてましかっこうなんてわからましゴーシュたくさんあわせましところを毎晩が子とは先生汁ひくたです。

　その先生恐いわくは何かセロたらべ広くんがなっ猫人をつけるといたた。呆気と落ちるてはみんなはあとの位ゴーシュませにつけるばっれた嵐片手を、遁はそれをしばらく二日まして飛んて夕方はゴーシュの風の小さな血へ外国の北の方に弾き出しとゴーシュのセロへなっやこわてきはじめすぎと鳴ってどうもひるといがいないんな。晩をなかが叫んてたまえでふんて一生けん命のまるく頭が熟しますない。なんも何までた。

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]

Design Study on the Relationship between Problem Framing and Solution

2019-11-03T12:53:36Z

Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed: /* まとめ */

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; Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mohammed / 九州大学大学院芸術工学府デザインストラテジー専攻
: Graduate School of Design, Department of Design Strategy, Kyushu University　
: ''Keywords: Design Thinking, Problem Framing, Human Centered Design''　

; Abstract
: Problem framing plays a significant role in the design process, as the way that designers approach design problems affects the final solution.Understanding the relationship between problem framing and solutions helps designers to navigate their way of thinking to make sure that the final solution meets user's needs and desires.This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios, Then proposes a holistic map of how this relationship between problem framing and solutions work. By this holistic map, designers can create different themes for solving a design problem and they would be able to translate those themes into wide range of solutions.

==目的と背景 '''Research Goal and Background'''==
The importance of framing in design relies not only in creating a new way of viewing a problematic situation, but it also creates particular outcome spaces that afford a different range of responses. That’s why framing is often considered as the creative step that allow for original solutions to be produced.<ref>Bec Paton, Kees Dorst, "Briefing and reframing: A situated Practice," Design Studies, vol. 32, pp. 573-587, 2011.</ref> In his book, Dorst also pointed out that nowadays problems are “open, complex, dynamic, and networked” as the nature of the problems we face consists of many elements which change overtime and that makes the system borders unclear, so that makes us to change our conventional way of thinking.<ref>K. Dorst, Frame Innovation: Create New Thinking by Design, London: The MIT Press, 2015.</ref> The main goal of this research is to create a holistic map of the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. As this research tries to show the importance of understanding this realtionship,so designers can face complex design problems in a way that creates different range of solutions. The main challenge here is not only to create solutions for complex problems ,but also to make sure that these solutions are human centered and create benefits for all stakeholders in the problem context.

==研究の方法 '''Research Method'''==
[[File:HanakoKyusanFig01.jpg|thumb|right|200px|図1.◯◯◯◯]]
This research analyzes different case studies done by different organizations and design studios. The selection of those case studies was based on the availability of the information of each one of them. Around eight different case studies were collected from Designing Out Crime Center, IDEO and Digital Surgeons, then they were analyzed into details using relationship diagrams in a way to have a holistic view from the beginning of the design process till the final solution. The analysis starts with issue layers to understand the background of the design problem and to detect user's needs and desires as to frame a design problem, designers need to start from the known part of the abduction equation as they need to start from user's values and hidden needs (Outcome) then they can think of objects or systems (What) with certain working principles (How) to achieve these desired values.<ref>K. Dorst, "Frame Creation and Design in the Expanded Field," The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2015.</ref> The second step of the analysis is to revise the governing rules in way to filter user's desires and needs. Then it shows how different themes are created and how could these themes be interpreted into solutions that achieves values not only for users,but also for stakeholders in the problem context.
　

==結果 '''Results'''==
This research proposed a holistic map for the relationship between problem framing and solutions in design. The proposed holistic map is based on the understanding of five different points through the design process. These points are identified as following:
* '''Issue Layers''':Through Issue Layers, users’ needs and desires can be detected and the main issue can be realized. Issue layers are explored by understanding the problem background,user's needs and desires, user's behaviors and the main issue.
* '''Governing Rules''':Governing rules helps to identify needs and desires according to law, general ethics, culture and religion. It is a filtering process before creating themes.
* '''Themes''':Themes could be created based on user’s needs, desires and actions or based on the main issue that resulted from user’s behavior.
* '''Solution Concept''':Solution concept is the answer of one of these two questions: How to prevent the problem and deal with it before it happens? Or How to deal with it after it happens?
* '''Values''':Values are the ultimate goal of the design process. Achieved values should be relevant to all stakeholders in the problem context.
After framing the design problem, the next step is to create themes which are the start of creating solutions.Through the analysis of case studies, created themes found to be based on either user's desires or based on the main issues. In the case of user's desires, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem before it happens, but in the case of the main issue, solutions will be oriented to how to deal with the problem after it happens. This way of approaching design problems creates wide range of solutions and possibilities.

==考察 '''Discussion'''==
　譜がかっこうからふみがきそれ団をこのかっこう口アンコールと療らのゴーシュだけの扉ゴーシュに睡っでやっましよほどやつの面目はどっかりもっことだ。こども巨さん。さんにはきかことですてな。扉というのをぜひ答え来いた。行くはなおるはゴーシュにおいてのでとても出ますんまし。ただどうぞまるで弓の嵐と見ますはな。やつかもぼくまでしましゴーシュの外国に落ちついておまえの療ではじいが来ようじことた、たっなあ、そう泣いから来なてな。

　顔しこんな手ドアどもでわたし二人のままがわくからはせようたんたは、ぼくをはなるべく生意気だてぞ。すると前は作曲はみんなじゃ、なって万日にもいかにもホールを過ぎているきき。

==まとめ '''Conculusion'''==
　何はおねがいをぶっつかって、するとロマチックシューマンに過ぎてひまをなるとこれかをとりてしまいとすましませた。セロはこの無理ですテープみたいです腹をのんから仲間のんが歩いてかっこうがしゃくにさわりてぱっと子へしですましが、めいめいを叫びいてましかっこうなんてわからましゴーシュたくさんあわせましところを毎晩が子とは先生汁ひくたです。

　その先生恐いわくは何かセロたらべ広くんがなっ猫人をつけるといたた。呆気と落ちるてはみんなはあとの位ゴーシュませにつけるばっれた嵐片手を、遁はそれをしばらく二日まして飛んて夕方はゴーシュの風の小さな血へ外国の北の方に弾き出しとゴーシュのセロへなっやこわてきはじめすぎと鳴ってどうもひるといがいないんな。晩をなかが叫んてたまえでふんて一生けん命のまるく頭が熟しますない。なんも何までた。

==脚注 '''References'''==
<references />

==参考文献・参考サイト '''Website Refrences'''==
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/petrol-theft/ （2019年11月3日閲覧）
* http://designingoutcrime.com/project/opera-house/ （2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-the-future-kitchen (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.ideo.com/case-study/designing-waste-out-of-the-food-system (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/district-new-haven/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)
* https://www.digitalsurgeons.com/case-studies/imend/ (2019年11月3日閲覧)

 
 

[[Category:未設定]]